Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities
The Prize Papers have survived in a unique material condition. Great parts
of the collection have been preserved in a historical state of conservation actually
dating back to the exact time when the records fell victim to privateering and
became part of ensuing court proceedings. Letters that have never been opened,
artefacts from life onboard ships, sailors' notebooks containing fragile chalk
writing or court bundles that were once stitched together by court clerks.
Thus, it is no exaggeration to say that opening up the archive boxes is often like
cracking open time capsules.
In the Prize Papers Project, preserving, documenting, and presenting the
unique materiality of the HCA collection online is one of our main aims and it
is also our responsibility as a digitization project. On this homepage, we
present our approach regarding the collection's materiality as a joint effort
of archivists, conservators, imaging operators, historians, and IT-specialists,
and provide insight into research opportunities, our daily work, and the challenges
we face. This homepage aims to present and document our materiality approachl.
Take a look at some of the most intriguing pieces of the collection in terms of their material condition and preservation status. As if they were frozen in time, some of the archive boxes present us with time capsules containing letters never opened or still folded in the way their authors left them, books never finished, original court bundles or artefacts once stolen right out of the hands of the historical actors. In the exhibition, the viewer also can glean a first impression of how we digitize the materials of the Prize Papers collection.
Alongside thousands of documents, various other types of artefacts have survived in the Prize Papers collection; artefacts one might not expect in a collection of legal records. These artefacts were once part of the mail in transit stored on board the captured ships, they were insertions in letters, were confiscated as part of the cargo of the captured ships, or they once belonged to captains, sailors, or passengers on the ships. We digitize these artefacts individually and as part of their original material arrangements.
Learn more about historical practices that have left their mark on the collection. Due to the intriguing state of preservation of the Prize Papers collection, many past handling techniques of paper or other artefacts have left a trace or perpetuated themselves in the material so that researchers today can draw conclusions on the material competence of historical actors, literacy skills, postal conditions, administrative and court practices, letter practices or archive practices, then and now
Read more about the project's emphasis on preserving and documenting the materiality of the collection as a physical archive and its translation into a digital collection. Learn about our imaging formats and set-ups, cooperative working procedures, and about our metadata on materiality. Our materiality approach is a joint effort of all different departments involved in the project. Our aim is to digitize the unique collection of the Prize Papers while simultaneously preserving its material authenticity.
Working together and learning from experts from various fields of research and from different departments in the National Archives is a corner stone of the Prize Papers materiality approach. In the project, we work together closely and cooperate with in-house experts as well as with international partners, sharing expertise and research findings in order to confront the material challenges appropriately posed by the collection and by its virtual representation. Learn more about our workshops and documentaries in the past and future
The good thing about working on and with materiality is - almost anybody can take part in it. If you are an expert in a related field or project and would like to work with us, if you would like to comment or share expertise on certain materiality features or materiality depictions shown on this page, or if you simply have some questions, please feel free to contact us!
Take a look at some of the most intriguing pieces of the collection in terms of their material condition and preservation status. As if they were frozen in time, some of the archive boxes present us with time capsules containing letters never opened or still folded in the way their authors left them, books never finished, original court bundles or artefacts once stolen right out of the hands of the historical actors. In the exhibition, the viewer also can glean a first impression of how we digitize the materials of the Prize Papers collection.
Images reproduced by permission of The National Archives, London, England
The Prize Papers collection comprises more than 160 000 letters. The
lion's share of these letters has been opened. However, several hundred of the
letters in the collection have survived in their original closed state until
this day, folded and sealed as if they had just been sent off.
TNA, HCA 32/111E
© Images reproduced by permission of The National Archives, London, England
In the pictures,
we see parts of the mail in transit, mostly Spanish letters that were stored in
mailbags on the French ship Le Fort de
Nantes before it was captured in January 1747.
Learn more about these letters and their writers here.
Learn more about our digitization approach regarding still closed letters here
Learn more about postal practices here
TNA, HCA 32/111E
© Images reproduced by permission of The National Archives, London, England
Letter writers during the early modern period used various forms of folding and locking of their letters for postal despatch. During an age when envelopes had not yet been invented, people used their letter paper to fold and lock their letters and create sendable items. Due to the collection's unique material state of preservation, in the Prize Papers letters have survived in many shapes and forms, still folded by various techniques or even locked up.
TNA, HCA 30/766
© Images reproduced by permission of The National Archives, London, England
In the picture we can see a small letter folded by a unique letter folding technique in a small triangle fold, which was found in a box of private papers and letters of Lieutenant George August Dossit D'Alban, who, before sailing on the Scielland, which was captured at the Cape of Goods Hope in 1798, previously sailed on the St Laurens as the address line tells us.
Learn more about this ship here.
Learn more about our approach regarding documenting letter folding and locking techniques here.
Learn more about practices of letter folding and locking here
Learn more about letter locking here.
TNA, HCA 30/766
© Images reproduced by permission of The National Archives, London, England
During
the early modern period, letters were often sent in packages. That means,
letters enclosed other letters. The reason for sending several letters as part
of one postal item was not primarily to save postage, which was in most cases
paid by the receiver, but often for more practical reasons. Like in this case
of a letter package from the so-called Bordeaux-Dublin collection.
TNA, HCA 32/249/11
© Images reproduced by permission of The National Archives, London, England
By
receiving such a letter package, the merchant to whom the outer letter of the
package was addressed was entrusted with the task of making sure to pass on the
inserted letters to other business partners. This practice was, however, not
limited to business circles, but we also find it in the context of family,
friendship, or jurisdiction. We see
a Materiality Shot and a Panorama Shot of this letter package.
Learn more about the Bordeaux-Dublin Lettershere.
Learn about letter packages here
Learn more about our digitization approach regarding letter packages here
TNA, HCA 32/111E
© Images reproduced by permission of The National Archives, London, England
A typical contemporary record keeping practice of the High Court of Admiralty was to bundle together pieces of evidence taken from captured ships. These court bundles often included various sorts of different records such as letters, administrative papers, and books. Strings, belts, ribbons, leather straps kept the records together that would become relevant during the court proceedings. In the Prize Papers collection, many of these original court bundles have survived in an amazingly conserved material condition, such as the large court bundle we see in the first image including a notebook with a pencil, a large official seal, bills of ladings, and correspondence all found on the ship Azie in 1672.
TNA, HCA 30/642
© Images reproduced by permission of The National Archives, London, England
The Jupiter of
Plymouth was laden with woollen cloth and pilchards when it was
captured on its way to Madeira in 1746. The ship and cargo were restored by the
court, however, as parts of the ship's papers were confiscated by the
authorities as potential evidence, several dozen cloth samples have survived in a great variety of
colours.
TNA, HCA 32/125/21
© Images reproduced by permission of The National Archives, London, England
Such
kinds of samples, fabric or cloth,
sometimes in the brightest of colours, can be found often in the Prize
Papers collection, because they were either sent by mail, were part of the
original cargo, or were owned by the captain or sailors on the ship.
TNA, HCA 32/125/21
© Images reproduced by permission of The National Archives, London, England
These
artefacts are depicted as part of their original material environment as well
as individually and will also be researchable in the Prize Papers data portal.
Learn more about the Jupiter here.
Learn more about artefacts found in the collection,
TNA, HCA 32/125/21
© Images reproduced by permission of The National Archives, London, England
Books have their very own kind of materiality. A practice we encounter frequently in the Prize Papers collection is that people on ships did not only own one or several larger or smaller books or notebooks, but that, due to their situation, it was also common practice to keep these books, notebooks, and leaflets enclosed within each other. In the picture, we can see a ship's notebook found amongst the personal belongings of the master of the Jungfrau Maria containing notes in pencil.
TNA, HCA 32/119/21
© Images reproduced by permission of The National Archives, London, England
Enclosed within the notebook are two books with very small print Verbesserte Brem- und Verdischer Almanach, 1747 and Hamburgisch verbesserter Schreib-calender, 1746 as well and papers and bills relating to work undertaken at Hamburg in September 1746, including records of the time spent by dockworkers and carpenters working aboard the ship. In modern terms, we would call this book an early form of a moleskin notebook.
Learn more here.
Learn more about the practice of inserting books into books here.
TNA, HCA 32/119/21
© Images reproduced by permission of The National Archives, London, England
Surely
one of the most spectacular material findings in the Prize Papers collection
are books and notebooks with slate or chalkboard pages still showing writing in
chalk or pencil. This highly fragile writing on a surface created for particularly
aide memoires still exudes the air of a bygone past. Just a single careless wiping
movement could destroy this unique materiality. It is immensely important to
handle these books with care and to capture their materiality for posterity.
TNA, HCA 32/1827
© Images reproduced by permission of The National Archives, London, England
In the
picture, we can see a wallet with a notebook including chalk writing in Kurrent
script. The book stems from the period between 1689 and 1679, probably coming
from the ship Catharina from Copenhagen.
Find the original book here, but please handle with care.
TNA, HCA 32/1827
© Images reproduced by permission of The National Archives, London, England
Many artefacts have survived in the Prize Papers collection. Keys, seeds, powders, drugs, hair strands, and, extraordinarily, even jewellery. The golden signet rings shown in the pictures were found by our Dutch colleagues in 2017 while opening 75 still closed letters from a ship that departed Elmina in Ghana.
TNA, HCA 32/996
© Images reproduced by permission of The National Archives, London, England
In the accompanying letter, the author J.G. Coorengel, writes that by sending this gift to his mother, he wanted to comfort her after the death of her husband, his father. He also writes that these rings would show "what the blacks know how to make"s. Elmina castle was a Dutch slave fort during the 18th century.
Find the original artefacts here.
Learn more about the glass beads that were also found in these letters
and other artefacts in the collection here.
Learn in detail about the historical background of these artefacts in Erik van der Doe's article "Small hidden treasures in the Prize Papers: Beads and gold rings from West Africa", Magazine of the Friends of The National Archives, November 2019, Vol. 30, No. 2.
TNA, HCA 32/996
© Images reproduced by permission of The National Archives, London, England